After attending high school in India, Suu Kyi studied philosophy, politics and economics at the University of Oxford, receiving a B.A. President of National League for Democracy. Argentine soldier, statesman, and national hero José de San Martín helped lead the revolutions against Spanish rule in Argentina, Chile and Peru. [169], On 5 January 2012, British Foreign Minister William Hague met Aung San Suu Kyi and his Burmese counterpart. Although she was prohibited from becoming the president due to a clause in the constitution – her late husband and children are foreign citizens – she assumed the newly created role of State Counsellor of Myanmar, a role akin to a prime minister or a head of government. https://www.biography.com/political-figure/aung-san-suu-kyi. This deeper interest in Buddhism is reflected in her writings as more emphasis is put on love and compassion. According to Peter Popham, she was born in a small village outside Rangoon called Hmway Saung. [310], Suu Kyi underwent surgery for a gynecological condition in September 2003 at Asia Royal Hospital during her house arrest. [244] A few days later, Munsur Ali, a councillor for City of London Corporation, tabled a motion to rescind the Freedom of the City of London: the motion was supported by Catherine McGuinness, chair of the corporation's policy and resources committee, who expressed "distress ... at the situation in Burma and the atrocities committed by the Burmese military". [140] Other nations, such as China and Russia, are less critical of the regime and prefer to cooperate only on economic matters. [88] It was reported that she had been moved the following day to Insein Prison (where she had been detained in 2003),[89][90][91][92] but meetings with UN envoy Ibrahim Gambari near her Rangoon home on 30 September and 2 October established that she remained under house arrest. Ismail resigned from his post the following year, partly because he was denied re-entry to Burma on several occasions. [271], In September 2018, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights issued a report that since Aung San Suu Kyi's party, the NLD, came to power, the arrests and criminal prosecutions of journalists in Myanmar by the government and military, under laws which are too vague and broad, have "made it impossible for journalists to do their job without fear or favour. She appeared in front of a crowd of her supporters, who rushed to her house in Rangoon when nearby barricades were removed by the security forces. [229] According to The Economist, her "halo has even slipped among foreign human-rights lobbyists, disappointed at her failure to make a clear stand on behalf of the Rohingya minority". [57], On 9 November 1996, the motorcade that Aung San Suu Kyi was traveling in with other National League for Democracy leaders Tin Oo and Kyi Maung, was attacked in Yangon. [129] She is the first recipient in American history to receive the prize while imprisoned. Quick trip: Obama and Thai Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra arrive for a joint news conference during his three-day trip to Asia. Foreign ministers of Southeast Asian countries prepared for a special meeting with Myanmar's ruling military on Tuesday in an effort to quell deadly violence and open a … [71] Aung San Suu Kyi fled the scene with the help of her driver, Kyaw Soe Lin, but was arrested upon reaching Ye-U. [218], Her tenure as State Counsellor of Myanmar has drawn international criticism for her failure to address her country's economic and ethnic problems, particularly the plight of the Rohingya following the 25 August 2017 ARSA attacks (described as "certainly one of the biggest refugee crises and cases of ethnic cleansing since the Second World War"), for the weakening of freedom of the press and for her style of leadership, described as imperious and "distracted and out of touch". Suu Kyi's mother, Khin Kyi, gained prominence as a political figure in the newly formed Burmese government. With Suu Kyi having won reelection as leader of her party in 2013, the country again held parliamentary elections on November 8, 2015, in what was viewed as the most open voting process in decades. ... Suu Kyi's struggle is one of the most extraordinary examples of civil courage in Asia in recent decades. During Aung San Suu Kyi's visit to Europe, she visited the Swiss parliament, collected her 1991 Nobel Prize in Oslo and her honorary degree from the University of Oxford. [254] This will be only the second time that anyone has ever been stripped of the award,[255][256] after Charles Stewart Parnell lost it in 1890 due to a salacious affair. He was sworn in at the end of the month. [206] On 30 March 2016 she became Minister for the President's Office, for Foreign Affairs, for Education and for Electric Power and Energy in President Htin Kyaw's government; later she relinquished the latter two ministries and President Htin Kyaw appointed her State Counsellor, a position akin to a Prime Minister created especially for her. The results from the UN facilitation have been mixed; Razali Ismail, UN special envoy to Burma, met with Aung San Suu Kyi. [189][190] In an address on Radio Free Asia, she said "We don't mean we will not attend the parliament, we mean we will attend only after taking the oath ... Changing that wording in the oath is also in conformity with the Constitution. This represented a significant visit for Aung San Suu Kyi and Burma. The defence was allowed to call only one witness (out of four), while the prosecution was permitted to call 14 witnesses. [221][222] Boris Johnson has said he is "horrified" by intensified clashes and the killing of pro-democracyprotesters in Myanmar. [167] On 1 December 2011, Aung San Suu Kyi met with Hillary Clinton at the residence of the top-ranking US diplomat in Yangon. Stokely Carmichael was a Trinidadian American civil rights activist known for leading the SNCC and the Black Panther Party in the 1960s. Mikhail Gorbachev was the first president of the Soviet Union, serving from 1990 to 1991. However, her appeal against the August sentence was rejected by a Burmese court on 2 October 2009. "[184], When asked whether she would assume a ministerial post if given the opportunity, she said the following:[185]. She also worked for the government of the Union of Burma. ", "Why Aung San Suu Kyi's Nobel Peace Prize Won't Be Revoked", "Rohingya refugees leave Burma to seek help in Bangladesh", "Suu Kyi blames Burma violence on 'climate of fear, "Aung San Suu Kyi in anti-Muslim spat with BBC presenter", "Aung San Suu Kyi Explains Silence on Rohingyas", "Dalai Lama presses Aung San Suu Kyi over Rohingya migrants", "Aung San Suu Kyi Asks U.S. Not to Refer to Rohingya", Is The Lady listening? [232] In May 2016, Aung San Suu Kyi asked the newly appointed United States Ambassador to Myanmar, Scot Marciel, not to refer to the Rohingya by that name as they "are not recognized as among the 135 official ethnic groups" in Myanmar. [207][208][209][210][211][212] The position of State Counsellor was approved by the House of Nationalities on 1 April 2016 and the House of Representatives on 5 April 2016. [188], Although she and other MP-elects were expected to take office on 23 April when the Hluttaws resumed session, National League for Democracy MP-elects, including Aung San Suu Kyi, said they might not take their oaths because of its wording; in its present form, parliamentarians must vow to "safeguard" the constitution. [49], During her time under house arrest, Aung San Suu Kyi devoted herself to Buddhist meditation practices and to studying Buddhist thought. During the visit, Webb negotiated Yettaw's release and deportation from Burma. Although she was awarded this medal in 2008, at the time she was under house arrest, and was unable to receive the medal. Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it and fear of the scourge of power corrupts those who are subject to it. She studied in the Convent of Jesus and Mary School in New Delhi, and graduated from Lady Shri Ram College, a constituent college of the University of Delhi in New Delhi, with a degree in politics in 1964. In November 2011, Aung San Suu Kyi received Francois Zimeray, France's Ambassador for Human Rights. Dialogs with government officials and Foreign Diplomats, The line in question is Schedule Four of the 2008 Constitution (Form of Oaths or Affirmation), which states: "After being elected as an MP, I do solemnly swear to preserve, protect, and nurture the Constitution while following the nation's laws." In addition, Aung San Suu Kyi won re-election to the House of Representatives. Her father, formerly the de facto prime minister of British Burma… [61], Although under house arrest, Aung San Suu Kyi was granted permission to leave Burma under the condition that she never return, which she refused: "As a mother, the greater sacrifice was giving up my sons, but I was always aware of the fact that others had given up more than me. [234], In 2016, Aung San Suu Kyi was accused of failing to protect Myanmar's Rohingya Muslims during the 2016–17 persecution. After graduating, she lived in New York City with family friend Ma Than E, who was once a popular Burmese pop singer. [51], During the crisis, the previous democratically elected Prime Minister of Burma, U Nu, initiated to form an interim government and invited opposition leaders to join him. She started her 6-day visit to India on 16 November 2012, where among the places she visited was her alma mater. [272][13] A 1 February court order authorized her detainment for 15 days, stating that soldiers searching her Naypyidaw villa had uncovered imported communications equipment lacking proper paperwork. Some[who?] She grew up with her mother, Khin Kyi, and two brothers, Aung San Lin and Aung San Oo, in Rangoon. Her lawyer stated that her legal team would pursue a new appeal within 60 days. [15] Burmese sometimes address her as Daw Suu or Amay Suu ("Mother Suu").[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. In 2003, the NLD clashed in the streets with pro-government demonstrators, and Suu Kyi was yet again arrested and placed under house confinement. [162] Her son visited again on 8 August 2011, to accompany her on a trip to Pegu, her second trip. [216][217] She has also refused to grant citizenship to the Rohingya, instead taking steps to issue ID cards for residency but no guarantees of citizenship. Under the 2008 constitution, the NLD needed to win at least a two-thirds majority in both houses to ensure that its candidate would become president. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. In support of Suu Kyi, the NLD refused to re-register the party under these new laws and was disbanded. [113] The Burmese government strongly condemned the statement, as it created an "unsound tradition"[114] and criticised Thailand for meddling in its internal affairs. [145], Nobel Peace Prize winners (Archbishop Desmond Tutu, the Dalai Lama, Shirin Ebadi, Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, Mairead Corrigan, Rigoberta Menchú, Prof. Elie Wiesel, US President Barack Obama, Betty Williams, Jody Williams and former US President Jimmy Carter) called for the rulers of Burma to release Aung San Suu Kyi to "create the necessary conditions for a genuine dialogue with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and all concerned parties and ethnic groups to achieve an inclusive national reconciliation with the direct support of the United Nations". In an interview, she said that while under house arrest she spent her time reading philosophy, politics and biographies that her husband had sent her. [194], On 16 June 2012, Aung San Suu Kyi was finally able to deliver her Nobel acceptance speech (Nobel lecture) at Oslo's City Hall, two decades after being awarded the peace prize. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Aung San Lin died at the age of eight when he drowned in an ornamental lake on the grounds of the house. [148] On 1 October 2010 the government announced that she would be released on 13 November 2010. The two leaders “resolved that the rule of law and the democratic process must be upheld in Burma,” according to a White House readout of their call. [171][172], In December 2011, there was speculation that Aung San Suu Kyi would run in the 2012 national by-elections to fill vacant seats. [273] As of 9 February, Aung San Suu Kyi continues to be held incommunicado. Myanmar woman who was shot in head during anti-coup protest dies. [275] In a statement, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres believes "These developments represent a serious blow to democratic reforms in Myanmar." Aung San Suu Kyi accused of ignoring Myanmar's Muslims, Burma's Aung San Suu Kyi accused of "legitimising genocide of Rohingya Muslims", "South-East Asia's future looks prosperous but illiberal", "Myanmar conflict: Aung San Suu Kyi 'must step in, "Take away Aung San Suu Kyi's Nobel peace prize. [13], Aung San Suu Kyi, like other Burmese names, includes no surname, but is only a personal name, in her case derived from three relatives: "Aung San" from her father, "Suu" from her paternal grandmother, and "Kyi" from her mother Khin Kyi. [199][200][201][202][203], On 6 July 2012, Aung San Suu Kyi announced on the World Economic Forum's website that she wanted to run for the presidency in Myanmar's 2015 elections. The verdict effectively meant that she would be unable to participate in the elections scheduled to take place in 2010 – the first in Burma in two decades. [78], Such claims were rejected by Brig-General Khin Yi, Chief of Myanmar Police Force (MPF). Aung San Suu Kyi was transferred to house arrest on the same evening, and on 3 February was formally charged with illegally importing ten or more walkie-talkies. He was also subsequently imprisoned, returning to the United States in August 2009. In 1988, after Suu Kyi returned to Burma to care for her dying mother, her life took a dramatic turn. [247][249], In March 2018, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum revoked Suu Kyi's Elie Wiesel Award, awarded in 2012, citing her failure "to condemn and stop the military's brutal campaign" against Rohingya Muslims. ", "What Happened to Myanmar's Human-Rights Icon? The experience was described by Aung San Suu Kyi as "one of the most moving days of my life. [260] She stated that the allegations of genocide were "incomplete and misleading",[12] claiming that the situation was actually a Burmese military response to attacks by the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army. Those within Myanmar and the concerned international community believed that the ruling was simply brought down to prevent Suu Kyi from participating in the multiparty parliamentary elections scheduled for the following year (the first since 1990). According to the New York Times, the charge "echoed previous accusations of esoteric legal crimes (and) arcane offenses" used by the military against critics and rivals. [262] Many Rohingya have also not returned due to perceiving danger and a lack of rights in Myanmar. She was released in May 2002. She was offered freedom if she left the country, but she refused. In 1955, Burmese Prime Minister U Nu became the first foreign prime minister to visit Israel. In November 2019, the West African nation of Gambia accused Myanmar of genocide in a lawsuit filed at the International Court of Justice in The Hague, prompting Suu Kyi to take charge of her country's legal defense. 27 Feb 2021 - 12:50. In October, around a tenth of Burma's political prisoners were freed in an amnesty and trade unions were legalised. In 1999, Time Magazine named her one of the "Children of Gandhi" and his spiritual heir to nonviolence. [141] Indonesia has urged China to push Burma for reforms. [174][175] The seat was previously held by Soe Tint, who vacated it after being appointed Construction Deputy Minister, in the 2010 election. "[62], The media were also prevented from visiting Aung San Suu Kyi, as occurred in 1998 when journalist Maurizio Giuliano, after photographing her, was stopped by customs officials who then confiscated all his films, tapes and some notes. The youngest daughter of Aung San, Father of the Nation of modern-day Myanmar, and Khin Kyi, Aung San Suu Kyi was born in Rangoon, British Burma. This article lists the presidents of Myanmar (also known as Burma) since the Burmese Declaration of Independence in 1948. [304], Since 2009,[305] Indian actress and Bharathanatyam dancer Rukmini Vijayakumar has been portraying Aung San Suu Kyi in a one-act play titled The Lady of Burma directed by Prakash Belawadi,[306][307] which also happens to be an eponymous play written by Richard Shannon. [27] She is a Theravada Buddhist. By Gurdip Singh Singapore, Feb 23 (PTI) A 40-year-old Indian-origin woman in Singapore has pleaded guilty to torturing her 24-year-old Myanmarese-origin … [108], Her arrest and subsequent trial received worldwide condemnation by the UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, the United Nations Security Council,[109] Western governments,[110] South Africa,[111] Japan[112] and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, of which Burma is a member. "[239] The Nobel Foundation replied that there existed no provision for revoking a Nobel Prize. And we cannot of course forget South Africa, because although it wasn't a military regime, it was certainly an authoritarian regime." Aung San Suu Kyi is a politician, diplomat, author, and a 1991 Nobel Peace Prize laureate who serves as State Counsellor of Myanmar. I can tell you one thing – that under the present constitution, if you become a member of the government you have to vacate your seat in the national assembly. [231] In May 2015, the Dalai Lama publicly called upon her to do more to help the Rohingya in Myanmar, claiming that he had previously urged her to address the plight of the Rohingya in private during two separate meetings and that she had resisted his urging. She was also separated from her children, who live in the United Kingdom, but starting in 2011, they have visited her in Burma. Mass demonstrations for democracy followed that event on 8 August 1988 (8–8–88, a day seen as auspicious), which were violently suppressed in what came to be known as the 8888 Uprising. [105] In a separate trial, Yettaw said he swam to Suu Kyi's house to warn her that her life was "in danger". [122], Aung San Suu Kyi has received vocal support from Western nations in Europe,[123] Australia[123] and North[124] and South America, as well as India,[21] Israel,[125] Japan[126] the Philippines and South Korea. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. [98] The trial of Aung San Suu Kyi and her two maids began on 18 May and a small number of protesters gathered outside. Jefferson Davis was a 19th century U.S. senator best known as the president of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. [160] The New York Times suggested that the military government may have released Suu Kyi because it felt it was in a confident position to control her supporters after the election. [68][69] On 12 November 2010, days after the junta-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) won elections conducted after a gap of 20 years, the junta finally agreed to sign orders allowing Aung San Suu Kyi's release,[70] and Suu Kyi's house arrest term came to an end on 13 November 2010.
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