There is evidence to suggest that protection of headwaters has a larger impact because upstream disturbances carry over more stream miles (Maxted and Shaver, 1998). Planning for active transportation and parks and recreation infrastructure are complementary initiatives. Research has verified the strength of this correlation between the amount of imperviousness in a drainage basin and water quality, with an accepted 10% imperviousness threshold, above which water quality becomes impaired (Schueler, 2000). Health and Environmental benefits . A network of parks and open spaces that include protected natural lands, ecological reserves, wetlands, and other green areas is critical to providing healthy habitats for humans, wildlife and plants in these densely built places. Furthermore, although the region has made substantial advances and investments in preserving open space, sustaining biodiversity has not always been a priority. By creating buffers around streams and waterbodies, stormwater can be infiltrated, filtered, and slowed before entering waterways. Returning Urban Parks to their Public Health Roots, by the Centre for Public Health of Liverpool, John Moores University, focuses on the future of parks as hubs to improve public health ( Wheater et al 2007a, b ). This is both an environmental and public health benefit that is significant to highly urbanized areas like the northeastern Illinois region.Open space may be used as a noise barrier or buffer zone when the need for noise control arises due to the proximity of incompatible uses (e.g. A greater impact on the overall urban climate will be had from a large number of small parks spread throughout, rather than from a small number of large parks (Giovni, 1991). The pollutants flow directly off the road or parking lot, without any opportunity for filtration, and the speed of the water scours the stream bed, causing erosion and often leading to flooding downstream (Brabec, 2002). This suggests secondary air quality benefits. The size of parks and open lands within an urban area determines the climatic benefits. Without efforts to preserve lands critical to protecting biodiversity, the lands that have been preserved will start to lose their ecological value as invasive species and unchecked populations outcompete (Biodiversity Recovery Plan, 1999). The traditional method of collecting stormwater runoff transfers the water as efficiently as possible into a system of gutters, sewers, and drainage ditches. Furthermore, some municipalities have ordinances protecting riparian buffers or open space from certain uses or development, but not sufficiently enough to constitute natural areas with water quality benefits (e.g. However, the case for the importance of urban greenspaces is now undergoing a revival, based on an evidence base of their social, environmental and economic values and benefits. It is interesting to note that the two criteria pollutants for which the region is in nonattainment, ozone and PM-10, are both related to temperature. Planting trees in cities also has an indirect effect on CO2 by reducing the demand for energy, and thereby reducing emissions from power plants. Parks and preserved lands must be planned in coordination with other systems. Parks provide a great benefit to citizens, both those who live nearby and tourists. Many of the assumptions used regarding decision- making involving urban parks are not stated clearly and are often based on limited or poor scientific evidence on the potential evidence (e.g., Pataki et al., 2011). Urban parks also contribute environmental benefits. Urban green spaces could bring cities and their inhabitants with vitality in terms of ecological, social, and economic benefits. A 1997 study found that a third of the users of the Iron Horse Regional Trail in California were using it for Transportation purposes – commuting to work or school, or traveling to shopping areas and restaurants (Trails and Greenways website). Nigeria has a very large and quickly growing population. As this occurs, it is funneled together, picking up velocity and pollutants along the way, and emptied in one flush at the end of the pipe, usually directly into a stream. Typically, electricity demand in cities increases by 2-4% for each 1°C increase in temperature. Both these direct and indirect benefits of energy savings from vegetated parks and open space translate into reductions in CO2 and greenhouse gas emissions. This is a problem, as we live in a The U.S. Research examining the connection between parks, trails, and health has helped identify the value that parks provide to people. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has directed payment switching and... Zenith Bank Plc has emerged as ‘Bank of the Year’ in Nigeria in The Banker’s Bank of the Year awards 2020. Determining how environmentally beneficial a park or preserve is depends on a few key factors– its size, location, and use.The size of parks and open lands within an urban area determines the climatic benefits. The environmental effects of parks and open lands are usually the driving factor behind their preservation, and rightly so. This is termed "heat island effect" and can exacerbate air pollutant problems and lead to increased energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is important to take this into consideration when making land use decisions. Active transportation is defined as “human-powered modes of transportation.” Traditionally, transportation polices have focused on automobiles. Depending on the species and soil conditions, trees can absorb a considerable amount of water, as well as water-polluting nitrates, phosphorus, and potassium, and keep it out of the flow toward the storm sewer (American Forests website). Prioritizing land for biodiversity value may sacrifice other benefits like recreation. Often, the most critical lands, such as the floodplains, or riparian buffers, have already been developed or the vegetation on these lands has been influenced by development (e.g. These amenities are often located in sensitive environmental areas, near streams or wetlands, so their impacts are that much more damaging. Finally, and most difficult to value, is the benefit of “existing” or the willingness people would pay to have something not become extinct (Chicago Region Biodiversity Council, 1999). Recognising and estimation of economic values of parks … This “green” consciousness is reflected in the growing eco-tourism industry, of which land preservation is the driving factor. Not only do they provide oxygen for us to breathe, but they clean the air of many pollutants harmful to humans. Environmental Benefits of ParksParks and open space can help reduce theeffects of urban “heat islands” (Ahrens, 2006) Heat islands are created by excessive amounts of paved surfaces, buildings & population density Results in temps higher on avg. Land preservation can change behavior. As more green space is added, developers and cities will continue to see the added economic and environmental benefits that these public spaces can bring. It is difficult to assemble all of the stakeholders together to preserve these lands. As the amount of imperviousness increases in a watershed, the velocity and volume of stormwater runoff increases, which can have several environmental impacts: increased flooding, erosion, and pollutant loads in receiving waters; decreased groundwater recharge and level of water table; altered stream beds and flows; and impaired aquatic habitat. Chemical Business Reports is an online business magazine that focused on reporting news, events and This section attempts to identify and describe these key environmental effects, as well as the potential drawbacks or challenges of preserving parks and open lands region-wide. Ozone is created at elevated temperatures, and PM-10 tends to stay mixed in the atmosphere longer in hotter weather (USEPA website, 2008). Researchers estimate that 5-10% of the current urban electricity demand is spent to cool buildings just to compensate for the increase in urban temperatures (Akbari et al, 2001). Wildlife and vegetation depend on undisturbed natural areas for food, shelter, and reproduction, often in ways that humans have not always recognized. Environmental Benefits of Managed Yards, Parks & Green Spaces. Preserving open lands and creating parkland preserves natural processes of infiltration and limits imperviousness, both of which are intimately linked to stormwater management and water quality. According to a study focused on the region, increasing tree cover by 10% could reduce total heating and cooling energy use by 5-10% (McPherson et al, 1994). Therefore, it is reasonable to assert that protecting sites with high biodiversity value is a justifiable way to protect and enhance the value of large public investments already made for preserved land.The value of biodiversity is difficult to quantify, but researchers have categorized these values into how people benefit from them. Open space has an overall positive effect in the improvement of urban ventilation. Planting trees has the direct effect of reducing atmospheric CO2 because each individual tree directly sequesters carbon from the atmosphere through photosynthesis. By protecting open space and creating parks, trees and other vegetation are also preserved and protected, often planted. Catering to eco-tourists can also translate into building green, serving locally-grown fare, saving energy, and other "earth-friendly" tactics. recreational fields, golf courses, or agricultural land which all usually rely on fertilizers, a water pollutant; or even greenway trails which may provoke pet waste or litter problems). This suggests secondary air quality benefits. However, the specifics of these environmental benefits, and the mechanisms behind them, are often less obvious. A less definable environmental benefit of preserving parks and open lands is the idea that having access to parks and natural lands "reminds" people to act more environmentally responsible. The vegetation within parks and natural lands plays a major role in lowering temperatures and sequestering carbon in developed areas. The first is direct-use values, where people directly consume or use species for their benefit, such as pharmaceuticals, medicinal plants, agricultural genetics, or fisheries. Parks and trails can promote physical activity and community engagement; and provide both environmental and mental health benefits. be undertaken early in the planning stages of the project. Trees are called the earth's lungs. Furthermore, a park utilized for high-intensity uses like recreation, likely has limited vegetation and trees, thereby diminishing air quality benefits.Size, location, and use of the preserved lands also determine water quality benefits. In an area with 100% tree cover, such as contiguous forest stands within parks, trees can remove from the air as much as 15% of the ozone, 14% of the sulfur dioxide, 8% of the nitrogen oxide, and 0.05% of the CO (Sherer, 2006). The aim is to achieve industrial symbiosis and move one step closer to the circular econo… This helps prevent the receiving waterbody from being "shocked" by pollutants or higher temperature runoff after a storm. Furthermore, it is important to realize that not all parks are equally beneficial, and the location, size, and uses of the preserved lands all play a role in how they impact the environment. Planting trees in cities also has an indirect effect on CO2 by reducing the demand for energy, and thereby reducing emissions from power plants. Land preservation can change behavior. The pollutants flow directly off the road or parking lot, without any opportunity for filtration, and the speed of the water scours the stream bed, causing erosion and often leading to flooding downstream (Brabec, 2002). A study from 1993 by the Illinois State Water Survey estimated the value of open space for floodplain storage, including wastewater reclamation, pollution abatement and aquifer recharge as more than $52,000 per acre in the Chicago region (IL Environmental Council, 2007). Volo Bog is an example of unique habitat that has been protected in order to preserve biodiversity. Cancer-causing toxins were just found in foundation and sparkly makeup — here are 11 chemicals that could lurk in your lipstick, lotion, and eye... How to start a quality paint production in Nigeria, Agribusiness in Nigeria: The Ground is Set, Dyeing Process |Different Types of Dyes |Classification of Dyes (part two), 50 Top Chemical Business Ideas you can Start Small Scale, The Extraordinary Secret Life of Dr. James Barry. Made up of several Lake County and Cook County Forest Preserves, the Des Plaines River Corridor travels along its namesake river forming a nearly continuous stretch of open space for almost 50 miles. In a natural landscape, stormwater that isn’t infiltrated runs off into waterways, but not without travelling first through vegetated stream banks, thereby being slowed down and filtered. Explanatory Note. According to studies by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, creating, improving and promoting places to be physically active can improve individual and community health and result in a 25 percent increase of residents who exercise at least three times per week. Land preservation can change behavior. This "green" consciousness is reflected in the growing eco-tourism industry, of which land preservation is the driving factor. Intuitively, parks and preserved lands have a positive effect on the environment. Parks and other open spaces should not be considered a luxury in the city. Furthermore, depending on how intensely they are utilized, parks and preserved lands may end up harming some of the natural features they were intended to protect. Temperatures in urban areas have increased by about 0.5-3.0°C over the last 100 years. A third category of benefits are those which improve recreation and aesthetics, such as hiking, camping, fishing, bird watching, or photography. These more qualitative benefits are difficult to measure, but are important aspects and benefits of land preservation more generally. The environmental effects of parks and open lands are usually the driving factor behind their preservation, and rightly so. Despite all the potential environmental benefits of preserving parks and open lands, they can actually cause some secondary and tertiary negative effects.
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